Subtractive Synthesis

Build sounds from scratch. Choose waveforms, shape them with filters, sculpt dynamics with envelopes.

Oscillators

Every subtractive synth starts with an oscillator. It generates a raw waveform — the harmonic content you will later shape with filters. Choose a waveform below and press play to hear how they differ.

Octave

Select a waveform, then press play to hear it

Check Your Understanding— Which waveform would you start with for subtractive synthesis?

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Understanding waveforms

Sine Wave

Contains only the fundamental frequency — no harmonics. Produces a pure, smooth tone. This is the simplest waveform.

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Triangle Wave

Contains odd harmonics only (1st, 3rd, 5th...) at reduced amplitude. Sounds softer than a square wave — slightly hollow but warm.

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Sawtooth Wave

Contains ALL harmonics (odd and even) at decreasing amplitude. Sounds bright and buzzy — the most common starting point for subtractive synthesis.

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Square Wave

Contains only odd harmonics at higher amplitude than triangle. Sounds hollow and woody — often used for bass and pad sounds.

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Exam tip: A sawtooth is the go-to starting waveform for subtractive synthesis because it has the richest harmonic content to filter.